Teen Alcohol Abuse Essay -- essays research papers

Alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence are not only adult problems. They also affect many teens between the ages of 12 and 18, even though drinking under the age of 19 is illegal. The topic of alcohol first came up when I was in grade 8 and became even more popular in high school. In high school alcohol was more readily available thanks to absent-minded parents who didn’t hide their alcohol and older students willing to make some quick cash by selling to minors. While some parents may feel relieved that their teen is â€Å"only† drinking, it is important to remember that alcohol is a powerful, mood-altering drug. Not only does alcohol affect the mind and body in unpredictable ways, but teens lack the judgment and coping skills to handle alcohol wisely. Some teenagers are brought up with the attitude that drinking is pure evil. But most of the time this just causes rebellious behavior and makes them want to try it even more, and once they try it they could possibly get addicted. According to associate professor Deborah Deas and assistant professor Suzanne Thomas from the Medical University of South Carolina, more senior high school students use alcohol than any other drug. Once a teenager gets completely smashed they are likely to do it again. Why? Well they will tell you that it’s fun, unless of course they had a really bad experience while drunk. The teens that do have fun will most likely continue drinking. Some teens will experiment and stop, or continue to use occasionally, without significant problems. Others will develop a dependency, possibly moving on to more dangerous drugs and causing significant harm to themselves and possibly others. Sometimes drinking once a week can lead to 4 times a week or more, as I have witnessed wi... ...anti-social personality disorder. These problems can make a person very addicted to drinking because they already have an imbalance of chemicals in their brain. This is especially true for teens because they are still developing and are prone to chemical imbalances. Teens should realize that drinking does not make them cool or help them fit in. Alcohol use is associated with a variety of negative consequences, including increased risk of serious drug use later in life, school failure, and poor judgment puts teens at risk for accidents, violence, unplanned and unsafe sex, and suicide. So what can be done The message is clear: The longer children and teens delay alcohol use, the less likely they are to develop any problems associated with it. That’s why it is so important for parents to inform their children about alcohol and to discuss the topic frequently.

Deviant Society Behavior

The world of humans is oftentimes unpredictable, changing and wondrously exciting. However, when these attributes become extremely bizarre and painfully detrimental, humans become sick and worried about to what extent can other humans afford to inflict harm against them. Suicide bombing is, if not the most, one of the most gruesome acts anybody can commit. It is outright crazy and stupid. One must be beside the normal to be entertaining such a thought in mind.Ironically, fanatics who have committed and attempted suicide bombings in the past, were deemed normal until the day when the execution of their ultimate plans were made public whether foiled or completed. People who are afflicted with mental disorder may, as other people, travel for the same reasons – vacation, visiting friends or relatives, business, recreation, and sometimes for religious or spiritual focus (Miller & Zarcone, 1968). Others indeed may travel for reasons other than the normal – for reasons trigger ed by malformed mental state such as the men who carried out the 911 attack of the Twin Towers in New York.Along the 911 attack, suicide bombing through aircraft came to prominence resulting in the stirring of the awareness among the international public of the fact that the regular traveler might not be that â€Å"regular† anyway. It is probable that some of them are driven by excessive anger or motivated by utopic hope as taught in the communities wherein they have pledged their life allegiance (Silke, 2003). In a recent turn of events in Pakistan, upon the return of former Pakistani Prime Minister Benazir Bhutto to her home country, 124 were killed and 320 plus got injured as a result of another suicide bombing.The bomber threw grenades among crowds of people and afterwards blasted himself to death (CNN update, Oct. 18, 2007). It’s difficult to think of sensible reasons why a sane person (if that person was ever considered sane by his colleagues) has committed such an act in the first place. To spend and expend one’s self for a noble cause is commendable only if they benefit people outside one’s own community. It’s never an ideal to advance a religion’s cause at the expense of the lives of other people. A suicide bomber is demented in that even in the logic of religion, all religions presupposed a benevolent god who is both powerful and loving.There must be distortions somewhere within the suicide bomber’s mind to have associated the act of delivering a bomb and acts of piety. Understanding mental health: Factors that contribute to a Suicide Bomber's Behavior The majority of theories and models of human behavior fall into one of two basic categories: internal perspective and external perspective. The internal perspective considers the factors inside the person to understand behavior. People who subscribe to this view understand behavior as psychodynamically oriented. Behavior is explained in terms of the thou ghts, feelings, past experiences and needs of the individual.The internal processes of thinking, feeling, perceiving and judging lead people to act in specific ways. This internal perspective implies that people are best understood from the inside and that people’s behavior is best interpreted after understanding their thoughts and feelings (Jourad, 1963). The other category of theories takes an external perspective. This focuses on factors outside the person to understand behavior. External events, consequences of behavior, environmental forces to which a person is subject, are emphasized by this external perspective.A person’s history, value system, feelings and thoughts are not very important in interpreting actions and behavior. Kurt Lewin for instance considered both perspectives in saying that behavior is a function of both the person and the environment (Tiffin,& McCormick, 1958). Man is a social being and as such his personality is viewed from the society and c ulture where he belongs. A society represents a geographical aggregate and has boundaries, similar government or a group of persons in meaningful interaction and engaged in social relationship.Personality is the individualizing traits of man which constitute his singularity and differentiate him from any other human being. The three determinants of personality: 1] biological heritage which has direct influence on the development of personality. This includes musculature, the nervous system, and the glands; 2] E. Q. factor describes qualities like understanding one’s feelings, empathy for the feelings of others, and the â€Å"regulation of emotion in a way that enhances living (Gibbs, 1995);† 3] environmental factors.Taking everything normal, environment plays an important role in personality development. Environmental factors are cultural environment, social environment, home and family, culture, status and role and social agent. Many of men’s pronounced stirred -up state of mind such as fear, anger, disgust, and contempt, have posed the question, why? What has caused such a reaction? What has brought a change to his/her behavior? What is the frustration that has brought about such behavior? In the world of a suicide bomber, he/she contemplates on various input or stimuli from the world he/she evolves in.There are frustrations of every form and even without these, his/her psyche or mental state functions on the basis of anything he/she receives (actively or passively) from the milieu. Life’s problems are numerous and as long as one is alive and kicking he will always be faced with problems, be they big or small. Such problems stir-up one’s emotions or feelings which maybe pleasant or unpleasant. Physiological problems, environmental problems, personal deficiencies and psychological concerns bring on a variety of responses; some predictable, others are not.Disorganization of family life, disintegration of personality brought ab out by depression, great personal suffering, any of these may take any person beyond the limits of his tolerance. Man is born in a social environment surrounded by cultural norms and values. He is faced with cultural taboos and acceptable social behavior. Numerous environmental factors come to the fore which may or may not be easily overcome. One of the most difficult problems in this area is one’s cultural dos and don't s. Environmental frustrations cannot be avoided, for there are always certain factors in a person’s growth and achievement.Psychological or internal problems are the most difficult to resolve as they are within the inner feelings of a person. One may not be able to detect his/her concerns/anxieties through his /her overt behavior. It may only be inferred from what his/her inner thoughts and feelings are but will not know what caused such a feeling. Psychological concerns of various forms represent a more serious threat to the personality of the individ ual than do environmental pressures. If severe enough, they may create considerable emotional tension with accompanying behavior disorders.Reacting to pressures and other concerns such as frustration varies from person to person because of their personality differences. These reactions maybe defensive, neurotic or psychotic. Most people are sympathetic to people who develop physical ailments, but regard an individual with mental disorder as â€Å"crazy. † At this juncture, does a suicide bomber then be considered a person with a mental disorder or deemed as â€Å"crazy? † definitions of mental health vary considerably. Freud when asked what he thought a normal, healthy person should do well replied â€Å"love and work.† Karl Menninger’s (1956) definition is quite similar to Freud’s. He states: â€Å"Let us define mental health as the adjustment of human beings to the world and each other with a maximum of effectiveness and happiness. Not just effi ciency, or just contentment, or the grace of obeying the rules of the game cheerfully. It is all together. It is the ability to maintain an even temper and happy disposition. This, I think, is a healthy mind. † When we therefore, try to define mental health, we have in mind the adjustment process which an individual brings into force when he is faced with a problem situation.Adjustment is defined as an individual’s manner of reacting or responding adequately to a perceived problem. From the standpoint of mental health, adjustment refers to a happy and socially acceptable response to life’s situations. Mental health therefore, is the ability of the individual to function effectively and happily as a person in one’s expected role in a group and in the society in general. It is a condition of the whole personality and is not merely a condition of the â€Å"mind† as is often supposed.It is an out-growth of one’s total life and is promoted or hind ered by day-to-day experience, not only by major crises as some assume (McCllelland et al, 1973). Mental health is the capacity to live harmoniously in a changing environment; to face and solve one’s problems in a realistic manner; to accept the inevitable, and to understand and accept one’s own shortcomings as well as the shortcomings of others. In this sense, people who develop and encourage Jihad or any â€Å"terroristic† ideas and brainwash others to do the same, are seen people who do have unrealistic way of looking at life and their experiences.They are commonly classified as people having delusions of grandeur among others. This term refers to people who experience a bloated sense of importance or missions and oftentimes associated with corresponding persecution complexes (Jourad, 1963). They therefore harbor also a sense of anxiety that some people are out there to cut off their goals and obstruct their missions. Their resolve to deliver their target aim s is even stronger the reason for their methodical and systematic way of doing things.Since they cannot accept that they must co-exist with people whose beliefs radically differ from theirs, they accept the notion that annihilation is a solution and dying a martyr’s death to ensure this goal is the ultimate sacrifice. This kind of mindset comes only from a frame of thinking that has been exposed only to a few options; in fact, only very narrow options. That option is the radical Islamic alternative and nothing else. When living in this world, co-existence is not just something that is talked about inside the halls of the academe: co-existence signifies a mindset that is healthy as well and free from disorders.Mental health is a matter of degree. There is no hard and fast line that separates health from illness. It is not a simple matter to divide the population into two distinct groups-those who should be institutionalized and those who should not be. Many of us at one time o r another exhibit traits and pattern of behavior which if, accentuated and continuous, would necessitate psychiatric care (Jourad, 1963). Though radical a thought this may seem, and naturally sounds unrealistic, the ideal place is to set monitoring and evaluation of mental hygiene at some point in time. How to do this is going to be a big issue, expectedly.However, terrorism and the likes of suicide bombing can probably be controlled in some ironic way: by referring to them as idiosyncratic, delusional or even possessing mental disorders. Another way of classifying them is through the Diagnostic Statistical Manual IV (DSM) classification system; these people are versions of psychopaths or psychotics; because the symptoms are there and they cannot function normally among any general population. Conclusions The difficult but frequently asked question is that â€Å"Will suicide bombers be able to wreak havoc again as they did in 911 in New York?† The possibilities are largely an d unsurprisingly high that it might happen again. People are people: as indicated in the opening statement, we are unpredictable, inundated with problems and those extremists have come to the point in their lives that their choices of so-called â€Å"martyrdom† that they do for religion and their god is close to pleasurable, fulfilling and the dream of their lifetimes. What can probably compel them against that? What can possibly move them away from doing what seemed to be â€Å"heroic acts?†What is being done in the United States today like tightening security and vigilance that other countries had been doing (e. g. , Israel) and for which others are also implementing (i. e. , United Kingdom/England), is by far the best that they can do. But that is as far as any human or groups of individuals are also capable of doing. The bottom line is that when a certain person intends to kill or murder, it is just time that they are running against with. Somewhere, some how, some people will be able to make themselves explode and duplicate 911.

Solution And Solution Selection Process - 1548 Words

Solution and Solution Selection Process As insignificant as 4% may seem, it has a very large impact on forensics and the entire criminal justice system. When DNA tests become invalidated, the test can no longer be relied on to be accurate. Forensics relies on the total accuracy of their test. When a test’s accuracy cannot be verified, it cannot be used as evidence. With all of the data that laboratories have to process, how can the accuracy of the data be checked? In 2009, there were an estimated 26 million Child ID Kits distributed by the National Child Identification Program alone. For the safety of their children, more and more parents are turning to forensic analysis to protect their families. In each of the identification kits, there are supplies to collect a hair sample, saliva sample, and take fingerprints. In the event that something happens to the child, parents can present the information from these kits to police to use them to find the child. The Integrated Automated Fingerprint Identification System (I AFIS) is a database owned by the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) that is shared with all law enforcement in the United States. When someone is believed to have committed a crime their fingerprints and other physical information is entered into this database for future use. Parents that agree to use resources from the National Child Identification Program are also able to consent to have their child’s information in this database in the event theyShow MoreRelatedUnfair Discrimination and Tital Selection Process: A Solution for Adverse Impact845 Words   |  4 Pages Unfair Discrimination and Total Selection Process Nkomo # 38 Case: A Solution for Adverse Impact The case study about the solution for adverse impact is about a federal government agency that had to deal with complaints from job applicants regarding its selection procedure. 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Perspective Based on multitudes of literature review, the author regarded three phases of intelligence, conception, and selection as enterprises’ decision -making process. To be more specific, the intelligence phase represents issue identification, the conception phase delegates solutions generation

Black Like Me By John Howard Griffin - 966 Words

Relationships, Race and Ethnicity: Black Like Me â€Å"If a White man became a Negro, what adjustments would he have to make?† (Griffin pg. 2) First published in 1961, Black Like Me by John Howard Griffin is moving yet troubling autobiography about a privileged white man in America who has taken on the role of a Black man, a much more deprived status. Griffin is narrator, author, protagonist and main character. From both a black and white perspective, the writer hopes to better understand and convey what life was like for the African-American’s at the time. The writer is passionately committed to the cause of racial injustice, and his concern and despair emanate through the well-written journal-type pages. His descriptive writing making the reader feel they are with him throughout. The idea was actually a sociological study in what Griffin refers to as â€Å"A scientific study of the Negro in the South.† (Preface) The transformation from white to black consis ted routine exposure to ultraviolet light by using a sunlamp, oral medication, and skin dyes. The period is the 1950’s, a time when Blacks experienced extreme racism by the Whites, and the two races rarely spoke. The book is an eyewitness account about humanity and racism in American history. Griffin spent six weeks desperately hoping for a way to reach out and help the Blacks. The didacticism and multifaceted realism transmits true value and educational merit (Hintz and Tribunella 2013) and the writings revealShow MoreRelatedBlack Like Me By John Howard Griffin1410 Words   |  6 Pagesbetween Black and White Americans has shown to be a major issue. 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These questions and more are what John Howard Griffin strived to answer when he surgically changed his complexion to resemble that of a black man in his book, Black Like Me. He set out to write a biting commentary about the state of race in the United States, but what he experienced changed his life forever. Griffin learned two very valuable lessons that dominated his experience; good can exist in the midst of suffocating evil

The Components of Newtons Laws of Motion - 577 Words

Velocity is the time rate of change of position of an object in a particular direction. Velocity along a straight line is known as linear velocity and is commonly measured by meters per second (m/s). Since both speed and direction are implemented in the measurement velocity the direction must be given. Velocity is a vector quantity, which includes magnitude or speed and a direction into account. An object doesn’t need to move in a straight-line path to have linear velocity. Instantaneous velocity of any point of an object undergoing circular motion is a vector quantity. When an object is forced to follow a curved path it has instantaneous linear velocity at any point of its travel. Velocity is calculated by dividing the time it took to travel the distance into the distance it traveled or V=d/t (Rusk, Dr. Rogers D. (2014). Velocity. In AccessScience. McGraw-Hill Education. Retrieved from http://www.accessscience.com/content/velocity/729500) Acceleration is the time rate of change in velocity. Instantaneous acceleration is the limit of the rate of change in velocity to the time taken to change velocity. When the acceleration is constant, the average acceleration and the instantaneous acceleration are equal. When unbalanced forced act on an object, the objects will undergo acceleration. A force is the influence on an object, which causes it to accelerate. If the object doesn’t change direction the object will have a constant acceleration. Acceleration isShow MoreRelatedEssay Sir Isaac Newtons Three Laws of Motion1373 Words   |  6 PagesWe have all heard the story of the apple falling on Newtons head while he was sitting against the tree, thus giving him the sudden idea for the Universal Law of Gravity. This, as I am sure most of us know, is not really what happened. 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TENNIS (PART TWO) There are multiple components of fitness that are demanded of tennis players, these components can be either health related or skill related. The health related components of fitness essential for ensuring success in tennis include; cardiorespiratory endurance, muscle strength, muscular endurance and flexibility. Cardiorespiratory endurance is

Effects of Media Stereotyping Free Essays

Over the years, racial stereotypes have always played a big role in our society. Till today, everyone attaches racial stereotypes and injustice thoughts towards a person without knowing or saying a word to the person. Signs of race and ethnicity are everywhere in our media culture and people are judged based on inaccurate information given by the media such as television, cartoons, dramas, movies and even comic books. We will write a custom essay sample on Effects of Media Stereotyping or any similar topic only for you Order Now These stereotypes will influence the younger generations, create tension between groups and affect people in many ways. The way that television portrays different races can be very subtle like main character status, level of interaction between races, activity levels, and social status (Maher, 2008). The characters demonstrated in certain television programs are formed by what the writers believe and they take the basic features of a character and expand it thinking the viewers will enjoy it, leading to racial and ethnic stereotypes by using ‘misinformation’ through movies, shows and news reports. Egyptians in this case are being portrayed as uneducated, unethical, raise desert animals, terrorists and uncivilized. These false information is what the media uses as techniques to portray Egyptians as humans of the underworld and Egypt as a deserted country. Egyptians have been stereotyped as desert residents for many years even though Egypt has been advanced now as a country. They have been looked at as uneducated but fact is there is an American University built in Cairo where many Egyptians have gotten their Bachelors, Masters and PhD’s from, but however the media still influence the public to view the Egyptians as desert people. In the movie â€Å"The Mummy† which was shot at Egypt, individual Egyptians are filthy, greedy, slimey pigs. The Egyptian masses are mindless, murderous zombies who chant the name Imhotep. This has affected Egyptians as well as other stereotyped ethnic groups everywhere. The threat does not only affect the life of the adults but the children as well. In a research done by the University of California about the consequences of racial stereotypes on children, it was said that it has a direct effect on the academic performance of the stereotyped children. One of the sayings in this research is: â€Å"African American and Latino children who are aware of broadly held stereotypes about academic ability perform more poorly on a cognitive task when that task is described as a measure of ability that when the same task is described as a problem-solving task. † (Carol Hyman 2003). This applies to all race and ethnic groups everywhere in our world Racial and ethnic stereotype in media not only in fluencies the adults but is also adapted and carried over with the children who are the youth of tomorrow and we wouldn’t want this stereotype to continue on in the years to come. It is easy to give out information with no factual back up, but the public preference is what can either stop media propaganda from affecting the public opinion or simply fuel such dangerous aspect of the media, stereotypes. Hyman, Carol (2003). â€Å"Awareness of racial stereotypes happens at an early age, has consequences†, UC Berkeley News. Online at:  , consulted on May 2003. How to cite Effects of Media Stereotyping, Essay examples

Renaissance and Reformation Essay Example For Students

Renaissance and Reformation Essay Renaissance and Reformation Test Humanism- Classical texts from the Greek and Roman culture lead to humanism. Humanism focused on human potential and achievements. People stopped worrying about Christian teachings. Influenced artists and architects. History, Literature, and Philosophy are humanities subjects. Secular- People became concerned with the here and now Predestination- Callings book/doctrine; Institutes of the Christian Religion states that everyone is sinful by nature and God has known from the beginning who he will save. Council of Trend- Pope Paul Ill 4th step toward reform was to call a great council of hurt leaders to Trend. Catholic Bishops and Cardinals agreed on several doctrines: 1) Church interpretation of the bible was final anyone who substituted there ideas was a heretic 2) Christians need faith and good works for salvation 3) The Bible and church traditions were both as powerful for guidance 4)illnesses were valid expressions of faith Annul- Divorce was not allowed however the pope could annul the mirage which means to find proof that the mirage was never legal in the first place Recant-to take back a statement you made about something Indulgence- you pay money for an indulgence and it will take away our sin Patron- Popes who beautified the cities by spending large amounts of money 95 thesis- Luther wrote 95 theses that he thought the church should change which lead to reformation- a movement for religious reform. His teaching had 3 main ideas: 1) People could win salvation by ONLY with faith in god, the church taught that faith and good workers were needed for salvation 2) All church teachings should be based on the bible. The pope and church traditions were false authorities 3) All people with faith were equal therefore people didnt need priests to interpret the bible for them Edict of Worms- King Charles declared Luther of an outlaw and heretic, no one was supposed to give him food or shelter and his books were to be burned. However Prince Frederick gave him shelter in a castle and people began to follow his sayings; priests wore regular clothes and called themselves misters, led service in German not Latin and some ministers married, which created a new religious group called the Lutheran instead of seeking reforms against the Catholic Church. Protestant- A Christian who is not Catholic Peace of Suburb- German princes decided if there state would be catholic or rottenest Act of Supremacy- English act of Parliament that recognized Henry VIII as the Supreme Head of the Church of England not the pope Anabaptist- Believed that people shouldnt be baptized into the Christian faith as children because they were not old enough to decide if they wanted to be Christian; taught that the church and the state should be separate, and they refused to fight wars. Viewing Anabaptists as radicals who threatened society both Catholics and Protestants persecuted them Peasants Revolt-peasants were excited by Lathers revolutionary ideas and demanded an end to serfdom. The revolt horrified Luther so Luther wrote a pamphlet urging the German Princes to show no mercy, the army crushed the revolt massacring over 100,000 people. Feeling betrayed by Luther many peasants rejected his religious Gigantic of Loyola- Catholic reformer, wrote the Spiritual Exercises that laid out a day by day plan of meditation, prayer, and study. The pope made Gigantic a religious order called the Society of Jesus Members were called Jesuits- concentrated on 3 ideas: 1) Founded schools throughout Europe. 2) Convert non-Christians to Catholicism 2) Stop Protestantism from spreading Johann Gutenberg- Reinvented evolvable type and the printing press- machine that presses paper against a tray full of inked movable type created the first completed bible called the Gutenberg Bible Johann Textile- Was raising money to rebuild SST. Pewters Cathedral in Rome, he did this by selling indulgences, he gave the impression that by buying indulgences you could buy your way to heaven Martin Luther: Against Textile for selling indulgences Wrote 95 thesis attacking Pardon Merchants Believed you can only win salvation through faith and forgiveness of God Excommunicated by Pope Leo X Charles V issued the Edict of Worms declaring Luther as a heretic, but Prince Frederick haltered him in a castle Translated the New Testament to German Lutheran were his followers John Calvin: Wrote Institutes of the Christian Religion which expressed ideas about God, salvation, and human nature Called the few people that God chooses to save the elect God has known since the beginning of time who will be saved-predestination Calvinist Ruled Geneva, Switzerland with theocracy (government ruled by religious leaders) Geneva was a city of high moral because of how strict he was Henry VIII: Married to Catherine of Argon and has a daughter named Mary but wants a divorce o he can have a son to be the heir to the throne Pope refused to annul his marriage so he called together a session with the reformation Parliament and asked to pass a set of laws that ended the popes power in England Act of Supremacy made the king the head of the Church of England, not the pope Closed monasteries and increased total power Anne had a daughter named Elizabeth so he imprisoned her in a tower and beheaded her 3rd wife gave him his son, Edward Erasmus: Christian humanist from Holland who wrote The Praise of Folly which made fun of greedy merchants, heartsick lovers, quarrelsome scholars, and pompous priests Believes in Christianity of the heart Wrote in Lati n In order to improve society, all people should study the Bible Catherine of Argon- Married to Henry VII never had a boy so Henry wanted to annul the marriage at first the pope said no because she did not want to offend the Holy Roman Empire Charles V but later after Henry VII put in the Act of Supremacy- Made the English King the head of church not the pope the marriage was annulled Pope Leo X- Artists: Denotable- Made sculptures more realistic by carving natural postures and expressions carved the statue David Leonardo De Vinci- Artistic scientist, painted MUS 144G L1- music notation, texture, medieval- early renaissance musicHumanist scholars broke with the medieval scholarly tradition (A) in declaring that all knowledge was relative (B) by insisting on reading the original manuscript and not a second-hand commentary (C) by challenging the existence of God (D) by supporting the idea of scientific experimentation (E) by rejecting the central authority of the church 2. All of the following are characteristics of Renaissance art EXCEPT (A) the use of oil mints (B) the emphasis on naturalism (C) the desire to create three-dimensional images (D) secular portraiture (E) hierarchical scaling 3. What was the initial reaction of Pope Leo X to the posting of Lathers 95 Theses? (A) He declared Luther to be a heretic. (B) He immediately summoned Luther to Rome. (C) He recalled Textile from Germany in order to have him stop selling indulgences. (D) He claimed he was not interested in a squabble amongst monks. 4. Which of the following best descr ibes Lathers position on the social questions of his day? A) He wanted to see marked improvements in the lives of the peasantry. (B) He was deeply concerned about these questions but feared antagonizing his aristocratic supporters. (C) He was a deeply conservative man who did not want to upset the traditional social order. (D) He feared that his religious reforms would fail unless they were combined with a program to address social concerns. (E) He blamed the Catholic Church for maintaining a spiritual as well as social hierarchy. 5. Following the death of her half-sister Mary, Queen Elizabeth of England pursued which of the following religious policies? (A) She followed her fathers example and refused to embrace either Protestantism or Catholicism. B) She followed Marry policy by keeping England within the Catholic Church. (C) She began a massive persecution of Catholics on the charge of heresy. (D) She broke with Rome and established a moderate Protestant church. (E) She waited to make a decision on religious matters until many years into her reign. 6 Renaissance artists viewed the medieval past with (A) the same reverence that they held for the classical past. (B) tremendous respect for their achievements, thought they did not view them as equal to the ancients. (C) no clear sense that their own age was distinct from the medieval period. (D) disdain or what they perceived to be its backwardness. E) great interest because it served to inspire their own works of art. 7. Machiavellian The Prince represented an attempt to find ways to (A) blend medieval and Renaissance scholarship. (B) convince the French to intercede in Italian affairs on behalf of his native Florence. (C) show how the rule of princes was clearly inferior to rep ublican forms of government. (D) unify the entire Italian peninsula under a powerful ruler. (E) show how a Christian Prince can use religious precepts as a moral guide. 8. Which of the following cities became the center of High Renaissance (1490-1520) ultra? (A) Rome (B) Venice (C) Florence (D) Naples (E) Milan 9. The government of Venice during the Renaissance may most accurately be labeled a (A) constitutional monarchy (B) dictatorship (C) republic (D) autocracy 10. The sack of Rome in 1527 played a significant role in the (A) elimination of the papacy as a political force in Italian affairs. (B) end of the High Renaissance (C) Protestant Reformation (D) Counter-Reformation (E) economic collapse of southern Italy 1 1 . Renaissance sculpture differed from medieval sculpture in that A) it ignored religious based themes B) Renaissance artists made use of marble C) it abhorred realism D) it abandoned the classical tradition E) it revived the classical tradition of sculpture in the round. 12. Martin Luther and Henries Zinging broke over the question of (A) salvation by faith (B) the primacy of the scriptures (C) the role of the clergy (D) Jesus presence in the mass (E) infant baptism 13. Renaissance humanists were primarily interested in the Roman politician Cicero because of (A) his moral courage (B) his detailed explanation for the crisis of the Late Roman Republic (C) his denunciation of Careers tyranny (D) medieval monks who had preserved his work E) the beauty of this Latin prose 14. Martin Luther attended the Diet of Worms without fear of losing his life because A) he possessed a sizeable army B) he was protected by the Elector of Saxony C) he thought the Catholic Church would support his ideas D) he enjoyed the support of the Holy Roman Emperor E) he went in disguise 15. The revolt of the German peasants in 1525 was caused by all of the following EXCEPT (A) economic distress of the German peasants (B) increasing restrictions on the independence of the German peasantry (C) Martin Lathers call for a priesthood of all believers (D) encouragement by the Catholic Church for the peasants to rebel against the Protestant nobles (E) the loss of hunting and fishing rights that had been taken by the nobles 16. John Calvin argued in his book, Institutes of the Christian Religion, that (A) grace could not be achieved without good works salvation was the one topic that he could not fully explore because Gods will in that area could never be known (D) grace was available to all who had faith (E) salvation was a sign of a compact between God and man 17. The Catholic Church banned the work of which of the following humanist writers? (A) Sir Thomas More (B) Lurch von Hutting (C) Erasmus (D) Rabbles